B2 Housing and Neighbourhoods

(1993). "The state of the private rented sector." Housing Research Findings(90): 1-4 1993. Yes A1a B2 C1a
	Reports on the findings of a survey of managing agents carried out by the University of York and the Association of Residential Letting Agents. Shows that there has been an; increase in private rented housing in 1992 compared with the previous year. Gives information on type of landlord or owner, and employment status and type of household renting; this type of accommodation. Looks at types of tenancy agreements and shows that 70% of lettings were assured shorthold tenancies. Discusses financial rewards from renting.; Suggests that financial incentives such as exemption from income tax on rental income could help to encourage expansion of this sector.

Architects, R. P. (1996) "Incorporating Lifetime Homes standards into modernisation programmes ". yes A1d B2 C1b. 
	This project examined the extent to which Lifetime Home standards could be applied to existing homes as part of a refurbishment programme. Looking at a pilot study of ten homes in York.

Associates, R. B. (1995) "New Earswick: The Views and Characteristics of Tenants and Residents Cared for by JRHT.	  				". yes A1a B2 B4 C1b. 
	
Association, Y. C. P. a. B. F. T. (1978). "Black Mould and Repairs: a house condition survey 1978." yes A1a B2 C1b
	
Bayley, M. C. a. R. (2009) "Urban extensions, planning and participation: Lessons from Derwenthorpe and other new communities 		". yes A1d B2 C1b. 
	This report identifies key issues and lessons for current planning policy and practice concerning the development of new urban extensions.

It combines the first-hand learning of practitioners – including the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust at Derwenthorpe in York – with an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the current policy framework, and draws conclusions that are relevant not just to high-profile “eco-towns” but to all new communities in Britain.

The report:

    emphasises the importance of political leadership in strategic planning to provide a context for effective site development;
    stresses the need for broad-based and more efficient participation earlier in the planning process, and the value of ‘participatory master planning’ for larger development sites;
    highlights the benefits of better integration between regional, local and site planning, and between strategic planning, development control and master planning.

You can read more about the development of Derwenthorpe in 'Masterplanning a new community' (6.3MB, PDF).

Blackman, S. (1998). "Young homeless people and social exclusion." Youth and Policy(59): 1-111. yes A1b B2 B11 C3
	Provides a broad definition of homelessness and "hidden" homelessness that includes young people sleeping in hostels, staying with relatives or on the floor of friends, or; sleeping rough in local communities. Discusses the personal, social and policy issues of young people's experience of being homeless. Examines particular categories of people; who are more likely to be vulnerable to homelessness and assesses the extent to which black and ethnic minority single young people are represented within these categories,; including care leavers, refugees and asylum seekers, ex-prisoners and those suffering from mental health problems. Looks at how the mass media interpret and represent the; problem of youth homelessness and considers the impact of this coverage on public attitudes. Discusses issues of gender and ethnicity. Sets out an agenda for preventing youth; homelessness and describes the National Homeless Alliance, the new name for CHAR, and the recent announcement of a Youth Homelessness Action Partnership.

Bradshaw, J. a. W., J ()  Mimeo (2001) "Analysis of crime in the City of York 1 April 1997-31 March 2000: Report for the Safer York Partnership, Mimeo". yes A1c B2 C1a. 
	
Bureau, B. M. R. (1960) "Housing Near York: Report on a Survey					". yes A1a B2 C1a. 
	
Centre for Housing Policy and University of York (2010). Telling the story of Hartfields: a new retirement village for the twenty-first century, Joseph Rowntree Foundation. yes A1d B2 B9 C1b
	This brief findings report describes key points from an evaluation study of Hartfields, a new retirement village in Hartlepool developed by the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust, Hartlepool Borough Council, and other local partners. Opened in 2008, Hartfields is a mixed tenure development with 242 units of one and two bedroom accommodation, intended to be an independent living setting but with the capacity to accommodate people with high levels of need for care and support, and primarily for people aged over 60 with a strong connection to Hartlepool. The evaluation study tracked and analysed major decisions and developments in the planning and implementation of Hartfields, described challenges and constraints encountered and strategies used to overcome these, and explored ideas and expectations on housing with care for older people. The study found that Hartfields is a successful scheme, designed and built within budget and on schedule, with contributory factors including a clear strategic view of the housing and support needs of older people, local planners proactively identifying suitable sites, funding from the Department of Health's Extra Care Housing Fund, an effective partnership committee, and community consultation.

Chamberlain, E. (1997). Nineteenth century terraced housing of the working and lower-middle classes in Bishophill, York. [York]. yes A1f B2 C1b
	
Chippindale, A., et al. (1976). Housing for single young people : a survey of single young people living in multi-occupied houses; a report on a research project supported by the Building Research Establishment of the DOE. York, Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies. yes A1a B2 C1a CHECK IT IS YORK
	
Cole, I., et al. (2000). Neighbourhood agreements in action: a case study of Foxwood, York, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York Publishing Services Ltd, 64 Hallfield Road, Layerthorpe, York YO3 7XQ. yes A1d B2 C1b
	Reviews the use of `neighbourhood agreements' or `estate contracts' and discusses the links to neighbourhood strategies, neighbourhood management and tenant compacts.; Discusses concern over the sustainability of neighbourhood agreements. Describes the mixed tenure Foxwood estate in York focusing on the problems and reputation, and views and; perceptions of residents. Looks at the development of a neighbourhood agreement in Foxwood involving a number of service providers. Highlights the role of resident; participation and the role of Foxwood Community Action Group. Presents the results of an evaluation of the neighbourhood agreement initiative over a three year period,; considering the impact of the agreement, the effects on the image of Foxwood, strengths and weaknesses, the role of partners, inter-agency working and the raising of service; standards. Discusses the future of the agreement as a basis for developing and providing local services. Summary available PLANEX Ref. S3442.

Cole, I. and Y. Smith (1996). From estate action to estate agreement: regeneration and change on the Bell Farm estate, York, Policy Press, University of Bristol, Rodney Lodge, Grange Road, Clifton, Bristol BS8 4EA. yes A1d B2 C1b
	Looks at the changing approaches to estate regeneration experienced in the Bell Farm project and considers how the issues of residualisation, community participation,; multi-agency involvement and sustainability were intertwined in the estate strategy. Describes the situation on Bell Farm before the Estate Action (EA) project was launched; and presents a social profile of the community, comparing it with other areas of York. Describes the housing and estate environment, crime and security aspects, and the; overall image of the estate. Outlines the various facets of the Bell Farm project from 1992 to 1995, including resident responses to changes during this period. Focuses on the; structure of the project, the property modernisation programme, environmental improvements, new facilities and multi-agency initiatives. Highlights the role of resident; involvement and the outcome of the Community Planning Week. Describes the exit strategy and estate agreement which provide a framework for the long-term management of the; estate. Considers the local impact of the project on active residents and others who were less involved. Concludes with the main research findings and comments on the future; prospects for estate regeneration and estate agreement.

Connelly, P. A. (2011). "Flush with the Past: An Insight into Late Nineteenth-Century Hungate and its Role in Providing a Better Understanding of Urban Development." International Journal of Historical Archaeology 15(4): 607-616. yes A2 B1 B2 C1b
	The discovery in 2007 of the remains of a late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century communal toilet block within the Block E excavations at Hungate, York, has delivered an important insight into the development of the Hungate area across this period. Re-contextualizing this discovery, from the local to the global and back again, challenges the official historical narratives of Hungate and the dissimilar archaeologies of the modern city.

Council, Y. C. (1950 (30/09/1950)). "Report of the Housing Committee (includes a survey of housing in York - 1920-1950)." yes A1a B2 C1a
	
Crossley, L. G. a. R. (2000) "Community Development: Making a Difference in Social Housing.				". yes A1d B8 B2 C1b. 
	
Croucher, K. and M. Bevan (2010). "Telling the story of Hartfields: a new retirement village for the twenty-first century." yes A1d B9 B2 C1b
	In 2004, the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust, Hartlepool Borough Council, and other local partners started working together to develop Hartfields, a new retirement village in Hartlepool, with funding from the Department of Health's Extra Care Housing Fund and the Housing Corporation. Opened in 2008, Hartfields is a mixed tenure development with 242 units of one and two bedroom accommodation, intended to be an independent living setting but with the capacity to accommodate people with high levels of need for care and support, and primarily for people aged over 60 with a strong connection to Hartlepool. This evaluation study aimed to track major decisions and developments in the planning and implementation of Hartfields, to describe and analyse challenges and constraints encountered and strategies used to overcome these, and to explore ideas and expectations on housing with care for older people. Data was collected through documents and plans, semistructured interviews with key staff in the partner agencies, and focus groups and interviews with residents. The report covers the strategic context and housing needs and provision in Hartlepool, the key decisions and challenges and working in partnership, the early life of Hartfields as a new community, and key learning points and future challenges, concluding that Hartfields is a successful scheme.

Croucher, K., et al. (2003). Living at Hartrigg Oaks: residents' views of the UK's first continuing care retirement community, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York Publishing Services Ltd, 64 Hallfield Road, Layerthorpe, York YO3 7XQ. yes A1b B11 B2 C1b
	Presents the findings of a study of residents' views of living in the UK's first Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC), Hartrigg Oaks in York. Provides background; information on the CCRC which includes bungalows built to lifetime homes standards, communal facilities and a residential care home, enabling residents a degree of; independence together with security and onsite care services. Explains how the CCRC is funded (using a pooled financial model), and run. Presents the survey findings including; information on residents' reasons for moving to Hartrigg Oaks and satisfaction with social life, catering, design and location, care and support services, communal facilities,; involvement, fees, affordability etc. Summary available: PLANEX Ref. W7300.

CYC (1995). "Deprivation in the City of York and in Greater York based on the Townsend Index (includes maps, boundaries and enumeration districts 1991} ". yes A1e B2 B1 C1a
	
Elsinga, M. and I. ebrary (2007). Home ownership beyond asset and security : perceptions of housing related security and insecurity in eight European countries. Amsterdam, IOS Press. yes A1b B2 C3 but not explicitly about york?
	
Forster, C. A. (1969). "The historical development and present day  significance of by-law housing morphology, with particular reference to Hull, York and Middlesborough." yes A4 B2 B7 C1a
	
Foundation, J. R. (1998) "Regenerating neighbourhoods: creating integrated and sustainable improvements ". yes A1d B2 B8 C3. 
	
Fulton, K. and C. Winfield (2011). Community engagement, Centre for Welfare Reform, The Quadrant, 99 Parkway Avenue, Parkway Business Park, Sheffield S9 4WG. yes A1d B8 B2 C2
	Examines the role of community engagement in supporting social care provision in the context of personalisation. Explores and supports the development of community organisations and support services as an intrinsic element of the community model of support. Describes the community model of support, defined as 'community brokerage'. Outlines examples of community support. Highlights two particular examples of practice - Blackburn with Darwen and York - where the local authorities have invited a wide range of people, including community networks and agencies and service and support providers, to create a level of assistance for local people. Argues that the capacity for assistance already exists, but needs to be organised in a way that makes sense to people looking to direct their own support. Identifies five practical stages that are useful in locating and building on existing community capacity: identify supports; develop a shared vision; connect and organise; commit to action; and reflect and change.

Garbett, C. F.-A. o. Y. (1933). The Challenge of the Slums, SPCK. yes A1f B2 C1a
	
Gass, K., et al. (1973). Housing : an issue in York. York, CPAG. yes A1f B2 C1a
	
Gaster, L. and R. Crossley (2000). Community development: making a difference in social housing, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York Publishing Services Ltd, 64 Hallfield Road, Layerthorpe, York YO3 7XQ. yes A1d B2 B8 C1a
	Presents results of an evaluation of how the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust approached community development as a means of bringing about change in the community and in the; organisation. Outlines the national policy context focusing on issues relevant to housing associations - social exclusion, Best Value, tenant compacts, citizenship,; neighbourhood working, and Housing Plus. Describes the character of the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust as perceived by interviewees. Describes and evaluates changes in; community development work on the Trust's York housing estates in the three years since the appointment of a community development officer. Analyses the effects of community; development on the way decisions are made and work carried out and on outcomes and added value. Highlights different models of working with communities to improve services and; include the excluded, with details of the Foxwood Neighbourhood Agreement and the development of performance indicators. Identifies lessons for future practice. Summary; available PLANEX Ref. S1806.

Howard, B., et al. (1989). Rise of the new middle class housing in central York. University of Manchester, University of Manchester. yes A1f B2 C1a
	
Jenkins, S., and Maynard, A. (1983). "Intergenerational Continuities in Housing." Urban Studies 20: 431-438. yes A1c B2 C1a
	
Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2000). Is enhanced sheltered housing an effective replacement for residential care for older people? York 2000, Joseph Rowntree Foundation JRF. yes A1e B2 B9 C1b
	Two forms of provision for older people combine housing with care: residential care and sheltered housing. Christine Oldman, of the Centre for Housing Policy at the University of York, conducted an overview of the relatively new forms of enhanced sheltered housing, and examined claims that they could reduce reliance on or even replace residential care. This summary of the full report, "Blurring the boundaries: a fresh look at housing and care provision for older people" (Pavilion Publishing on behalf of the Foundation) considers the differences between residential care and the newer forms of enhanced sheltered accommodation. The study comprised a literature review, semi-structured telephone interviews with the main providers and other key players, and case study evaluations of innovative housing and care provision in York..

Les Sparks, K. M., Lord Best and Peter Marcus				 (2001) "Masterplanning a new community: Designs for a new town extension in York". yes A1d B2 B7 C1b. 
	Learning the lessons of the twentieth century in designing housing developments for the twenty-first. Drawing on its own research into housing and social wellbeing, the Joseph Rowntree Foundation proposed a new community on the edge of York, developed in partnership with the City of York Council – almost 100 years on from the development of Joseph Rowntree’s own garden village of New Earswick, York. The story of the masterplanning process is told in this web book featuring the four competing masterplans that were commissioned. All the plans, diagrams and illustrations are available in full colour, and there are additional chapters arguing the case for masterplanning, describing the intensive consultation with the local community,and commenting on the ideas put forward in the masterplans. 

Ltd, G. I. S. (1984). "Report tot he City of York on house condition survey (House Condition Survey 1981 census analysis, Analysis information computerised lettring system, other advise data)." yes A1c B2 C1a
	
Madge, N. and et al. (2002). "Planning for children, young people and young families in New Osbaldwick." yes A1f B2 B11 B7 C1b
	Research report on the proposed development of a new community at New Osbaldwick, to the east of York. Outlines considerations needed to be taken into account when planning and designing the community environment and its services. Covers issues such as childcare services, education facilities, health services, leisure facilities, home zones, safety, transport, listening to young people, and creating a sense of community.

Mayne, A. (2011). "Beyond Metrics: Reappraising York's Hungate "Slum"." International Journal of Historical Archaeology 15(4): 553-562. yes A2 B1 B2 C1b
	Much of the excitement generated in Britain since 2007 by the York Archaeological Trust's excavations of the city's Hungate neighborhood, which Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree characterized as a "slum" in his pioneering poverty survey of 1901, derives from the unexpected volume and variety of material evidence uncovered about life in a poor community within a modern industrial city. Such material evidence and its often uncertain relationships to other historical data can enhance analysis by complicating understanding of the past, rather than echoing conventional wisdom. Findings from Hungate can thus contribute to nuanced understandings of urban social disadvantage not only at the neighborhood level in this one particular British city, but at the larger scales of analysis that encompass the growth of cities and interacting urban regions in Britain and around the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These understandings have contemporary relevance for a world in which over half of humanity now lives in urban areas, as misconceptions about "slums" continue to undermine efforts to reduce urban inequality.

Morpurgo, P. (1960) "New Earswick Survey into the Use of Leisure.		". yes A1a B2 C1b. 
	Typescript.		

Phillip, G. C. (1975) "Clementhorpe: a home condition survey and appraisal". yes A1a B2 C1b. ((Y711.59))
	
Project, Y. C. (1977). "Clifton Estate a survey of needs - York Community Project." yes A1a B2 C1b
	
Research, B. S. (1971) "The Modernisation of New Earswick - 2 Vols". yes A1a B2 C1b. ((Y711.4))
	
Rimmer, J. (2011). "People and Their Buildings in the Working-Class Neighborhood of Hungate, York." International Journal of Historical Archaeology 15(4): 617-628. yes A2 B2 C1b
	The study of structures plays an important role in the global investigation of the archaeology of urban poverty. At Hungate, the built environment is central to our analysis of this "slum" neighborhood. By piecing together the long-term details for the construction, ownership, occupation, and adaptation of domestic structures in the form of sophisticated interdisciplinary plot histories, we can provide depth to the development of neighborhoods which came under the scrutiny of reformers such as Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Rowntree, B. S. and R. L. Reiss (1945). Portrait of a city's housing, being the results of a detailed survey in the city of York 1935-9. London, Faber and Faber. yes A1a B2 C1a
	
Rugg, J. (2000). Hartrigg Oaks : the early development of a continuing care retirement community 1983-1999. York, University of York, Centre for Housing Policy. yes A1b B9 B2 C1b
	
Rugg, J., et al. (2000). Nature and impact of student demand on housing markets, York Publishing Services Ltd, 64 Hallfield Road, Layerthorpe, York YO3 7XQ. yes A1b B2 C1a
	Examines the ongoing increase in student numbers over the past five decades and the consequent need for accommodation. Discusses the widely held opinion that student housing; need is the responsibility of higher education institutions (HEIs) themselves. Highlights the HE sector's failure to respond to this demand and the subsequent impact of this; situation on the private rented sector. Looks at the expanding reliance of students on the private rented sector and the creation of a niche market cultivated for the mutual; benefit of landlords and student tenants alike. Outlines the impact of student demand on other tenant groups and on the housing market generally. Addresses the broader impacts; of meeting demand for student accommodation. Concludes that the provision of housing for students has implications beyond the education sector and requires the urgent; consideration of housing policy makers at national and local levels. Includes appendices listing: case study area rental markets; and HEIs included in the research. To see a; summary of the report, order PLANEX Ref. S4179.

School of Public Policy and University of Birmingham (1999). Cross-cutting issues in public policy and public service, DETR Publications Sales Centre, Unit 21, Goldthorpe Industrial Estate, Goldthorpe, Rotherham S63 9BL. yes  A1e B2 C3
	Reports on research, commissioned by the DETR, to examine the way in which cross-cutting issues are handled by the public policy system. Looks at four cross-cutting issues:; sustainable development; community safety; disaffected young people; and social exclusion. For each issue, studies the relevant institutional framework and examines a number; of case studies which illustrate success or failure in addressing the issues in a holistic, outcome-oriented way. Case studies include: for sustainable development - two case; studies of waste management involving incinerators and two cases of inward investment opportunities on sites with sustainable development problems; for social exclusion -; analysis of Health Action Zone bids, social security for community care users, and young people leaving care; for community safety - community involvement policy, perpetrator; programmes, and young victims; and for disaffection - the Coventry Partnership for Youth, community outreach in New Earswick Estate in York, and citizenship development skills; in Birmingham. (Summary document available - see PLANEX Ref. R6048. See also 'Cross-cutting issues affecting local government, PLANEX Ref. R6051).

Sigsworth, E. M. a. W. R. (1971). "The finances of improvement: a study of low quality housing in three Yorkshire towns (Dartley, Leeds and York) " Bulletein of Economic Research 23(2). yes A1a B2 C3
	
Smith, E. (1914) "Report on the sanitary conditions of the Walmgate district ". yes A1a B2 C1b. ((Y614))
	
Smith, J. "Report on the sanitary conditions of the City of York, towns of Knapton upon Hull, Huddersfield, Leeds, Bradford, Sheffield and Halifax." yes A1a B2 C3
	
Sturge, M. (2007). "Rowntree's retirement villages." Journal of Care Services Management 1(4): 341-352 2007. yes A1f B9 B2 C1b
	This article describes the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust's retirement village in York and its proposed village in Hartlepool. It contrasts the financial terms of the two developments. The benefit of these schemes for older people is discussed, along with the challenges that they face.

Unit, U. o. Y. S. P. R. (1989) "The Characteristics of Tenants in JRMT Housing 1980-1988. Working Paper 558. 5/89 Social Policy Research Unit		". yes A1a B2 C1b. 
	
Wallace, A. (2006). The cultural economy of a housing market: a case study of the city of York, Univeristy of York.yes A1b B2 C1a. 
	Housing, planning or neighbourhood interventions are required to be evidence-based and therefore premised upon housing market assessments, but the methods advocated are insufficiently attuned to how various actors construct and operate markets and can fail to adequately represent important housing market activities. The central argument advanced in this thesis is that conventional market theories and the use of a range of socio-economic, or socio-demographic data alone are inadequate to provide a sound evidence base for housing market interventions. A contention is that the use of qualitative inquiry can supplement current assessments and provide greater insights into the culture of markets or how they are routinely operated; the consumption of housing, why and by whom; and  any subsequent competition or conflicts within the markets and can provide complementary analysis to fill gaps in our understanding of how markets actually work.

Watkinson, G. M. a. J. (2003) "Rebalancing communities by mixing tenures on social housing estates 		". yes A1d B2 C1b. 
	This report reviews the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust’s policy of selling 50 per cent of homes becoming vacant as a way of attracting a broader social and economic mix of residents.

In 1993 the report Building for communities concluded that policies which allocated houses only to seriously disadvantaged families on low incomes were creating unbalanced communities. Subsequently, the link between lack of social stability in an area and its physical decline and degeneration has been well-documented.

This study outlines how the Joseph Rowntree Foundation has tackled this issue through its housing association, the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust. Since 1997, the JRHT has supported a policy of ‘voluntary sales’ in the village of New Earswick which it manages. The scheme involves selling half the properties which become vacant, with sales proceeds used to replace the stock. The aim is to attract a greater social and economic mix of residents, thereby preventing the village becoming stigmatised. This report also provides a summary and overview of similar initiatives being undertaken elsewhere.		

Watson, A. (1935). "How is York meeting national plans." yes A1d B2 C1a
	
Watson, J. (2006). "Understanding planning gain: what works?". yes A1d B2 C2
	Examines the outcomes, in terms of housing provided, from Section 106 (S106) schemes in eight different sites in two case study areas in Leeds and York. Looks at: the; satisfaction of RSLs and tenants with the accommodation acquired through S106; whether dwellings met the Housing Corporation Scheme Development Standards (SDS); the number of; 'off the shelf' purchases of completed dwellings; concern about the quality of housing in terms of design and workmanship; inclusion of space standards; value for money; RSLs; under-letting; RSLs' position when negotiating planning gain deals compared with the private sector; doubts about the delivery of the percentages of affordable housing; required by Supplementary Planning Guidance; adoption of the Social Housing Grant policy; and housebuilders' and RSLs' satisfaction with the 'pepper-potting' approach to; mixing tenure.

Wilkinson, R. K. and E. M. Sigswort (1972). "Attitudes to Housing Environment - Analysis of Private and Local Authority Households in Batley, Leeds and York." Urban Studies 9(2): 193-214. yes A1b B2 C3
	
Wilson, V., et al. (1996). Humour, heartache and hope: life in Walmgate. York, Archaeological Resource Centre; Quacks pr. yes A3 B2 C1b
	
York Community Project (1978). All mod cons : a report on council house modernisation in York. [York, York Community Project. yes A1f B2 C1a